FaceTune Reflection

This is the end result of the image we edited on FaceTune.
We began by cropping the photo, making the face the centre of the image. We then chose to smooth the skin removing any pores and changes in skin colour before using the details option to make the eyes brighter and clearer.
The eyes were then made bigger and blemish fixer used to take out any remaining blemishes. We then blurred out the background to make the image look more professional and draw more attention to the face. We then thinned out the nose and highlighted the cheekbones, nose and forehead.
The frame and blush were added to test out the other remaining effects we hadn't yet used on the image.
I enjoyed making the changes to this image, it was interesting to see the difference you could make to an image by changing a small thing such as smoothing the skin or brightening the eyes.
The model was happy for us to make the changes and was actually pleased with the finished result especially the way her skin looked.
Although making changes to this photo was interesting i don't think the end result it better than the original photo, there are some aspects of the image that look better such as the skin and the definition of the face, but there are some parts of the image that aren't improved such as the eyes, defining them made them look fake and cartoon like.
This exercise made me look forward to editing more photographs using other programs such as photoshop.
If i were to do this exercise again i would take the photo using a camera and beauty lens rather than a camera phone to ensure we began with a high quality image. I would use studio or brighter natural lighting to ensure the photo was well lit highlighting facial features. I would make sure there is also enough time to apply makeup and style the hair.

Six Inspiring Images

Katy Perry 'Killer Queen'

This photo was taken as part of Katy Perry's 'Killer Queen' perfume campaign. I think the pose in this image is inspiring because she is sat straight and tall making her look strong and in control rather than submissive. The look on her face, with her mouth slightly open, is still suggestive but the way she is looking down on the camera makes her look confident and powerful. Simon Costin was the designer behind the set of this shoot. Her makeup was done by artist Todd Delano and the photographer was Tim Walker.

Vogue Australia

This photo of Cara Delevingne was taken for Vogue Australia  October 2013. I love this photo. The stern expression on Cara's face makes her look dominant and powerful. She stands tall and straight making her look in control, the way she holds her hands softly clasping over each other softens the pose. Although she wears a stern expression the image is still compelling to look at and the detailing on the dress commands your attention.
The photographer for this shoot was Benny Horne, the stylist was Christine Centenera, hair was styled by James Rowe and makeup done by Sally Branka.

Janelle Monae 

This photo was taken as part of Cover Girls #GirlsCan campaign about female empowerment. Janelle Monae is spokeswoman for the campaign. The way she holds her head high and looks down to the camera makes her look very confident in herself and whats she is standing for. The hands on the hips again makes her look powerful and authoritative. Although she has her mouth slightly open it makes it look like she has something to say rather and being suggestive.
The director of photography for this campaign was Brandon Bloch

Nike 

This photo was part of Nike's advertisement campaign in 2006. I really like that its an action shot, it shows just what the body can do if you learn how. The lighting creates shadows on the muscles showing power and strength.
Nike have three main photographers they use for their campaign shoots; Steve Bonini, Chris Hornbecker and Anthony Georgis.

Florence Welch 

This image of Florence Welch (Florence & The Machine) was taken for Vogue America in 2012. Even though its from a editorial magazine the image is full of power and energy. The horse is strong makes her look superior and the way she is raising the sword makes her look totally in control and invincible.
The photographer for this shoot was Normal Jean Roy and the makeup artist was Gucci Westman.

Blake Lively 

I really like this photo of Blake Lively, its very natural and elegant. The way she is look away from the camera and off set adds a story to the photo, it makes the viewer wonder what or who she is laughing at. I couldn't find the photographer or the makeup artist involved in this shoot.

How We View Models.... Is it about Beauty or Power?

When you see photos of female models in magazines and adverts they are often posed in submissive ways, touching their faces, turning their heads to the side. They are also often posed in suggestive ways with fingers in their mouths, laying open on beds or couches etc, although the products advertised and the magazines featuring these images are directed at women these images are normally directed at men. Brands such as American Apparel often feature half naked woman in their advertisements, although the advertisement is supposedly about the clothes more often or not you can't clearly see the item of clothing being featured.

Natalie Croquet a former fashion photo editor has teamed up with photographer Daniel Schweizer recreated a series of fashion campaigns by french brands using ordinary women. The project 'SPOOF' aims to create examination of 'identity' and 'femininity' in the advisement industry.

The concept of gaze is one that deals with how the audience view the people presented, for a feminist it can be thought of in three ways; how men look at women, how women look at themselves and how women look at other women. 'In 1975 Laura Mulvey came up with the term 'Male Gaze' she believed that the audience is put in the perspective of a heterosexual male. The Male gaze occurs when the camera puts the audience in the perspective of a heterosexual male by for instance lingering over  the curves of a womans body. The woman is usually displayed on two levels either as an erotic object within the film or a spectator watching the film. The man emerges as the dominant power within most films.

Georgia Mai Jagger for Lui Mag 2013
Photographer- Terri Richardson

Mulvey believed that women should enjoy the attention of attracting the gaze but thought that in film women are typically viewed as objects because of the control of the camera (and therefore the gaze) comes from the assumption that heterosexual men are the default target audience for most film genres.' Hamilton.K, 2014, Laura Mulvey and The Male Gaze Theory, Viewed 12th Oct 2015, http://katiehamilton25.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/the-male-gaze-theory.html

Terri Richardson is a world famous fashion photographer, he shoots campaigns for designers such as Marc Jacobs, Tom Ford and Yves Saint Laurent and done work for large magazines such as Vogue, GQ, Vanity Fair and Harpers Bazaar. He is known for his sexual photos and over the years he has been accused of using his influence to coerce young models to engage in undesired sexual behaviours and poses during his shoots. His campaign shoots have caused a lot of controversy in the industry.

Yolanda Dominguez recreating an image

In 2011 Yolanda Dominguez recreated poses from fashion magazines in the middle of the streets during normal situations. Her aim with this was to try and express how many women feel about the images of women they see in the media - absurd, artificial, a hanger to wear dresses and bags, only concerned about being skinny and beautiful. She wanted to show how women don't identify with this type of woman. She used poses to represent how absurd they are in real context, showing how they seem dead, twisted and pulled into positions. These artificial models are the only reference girls have and many want to be like them but this is not natural and is causing many disorders (eating, mental and behavioural). It also makes you ask questions about why men are never pulled into positions like this? Maybe it has something to do with most successful fashion photographers being men?
Alderson.R, 2011, Yolanda Dominguez, Viewed 12th Oct 2015, http://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/yolanda-dominguez


During our photography lesson we recreated some fashion images, this was to show how unnecessary, absurd and provocative some of these campaigns have become. Working in groups we each took it in turns being the model and directing the model.
As the model i felt slightly uncomfortable being watched and moved around by so many people but i found it easier being the model than the director. As the director i felt very uncomfortable asking people to get into all sorts of suggestive positions, i felt like invading their personal space. Others in my group felt the same way but a few said they preferred to direct than be a model as being in front of the camera made them very uncomfortable.
If i were to redo this challenge i would give myself time to prepare, rather than being thrown straight in. I would select a few better poses and try and make the models look more alike by giving them the same makeup, i would also bring in some lighting equipment and a camera.

Camera Settings

Camera Settings - 
- Manual Mode
- 1/160 Shutter speed
- ISO - 100 
- Lense - AutoFocus 

Appature (Light Control) - Start at F8-F11 and alter as necessary
Power of flash can be altered if the images are too bright. 

Tethering cable - links camera to computer.

Preparing for Shoot & Directing A Model

Importance of Casting:
Even when working with a professional model you should always do a casting session before a shoot. Its not always possible to meet face to face if the model has to travel a long distance but it could be done either be via Skype, FaceTime.
You can request an untouched photo. 

This ensures you know your model is suitable for the shoot.

When looking through their portfolio look for a wide variety of poses.

Choosing the right model for your shoot:

Keep in mind your brief for the shoot.  

For a beauty shoot keep in mind their bone structure and features. 

Always try to enhance your models best feature, e.g. if they have great eyes shoot in a well lit room. This will make sure the pupil size is smaller and you can see more colour.

Directing a model:

You can give the model a pose sheet to help give her direction and demonstrate what you are looking for. 

Always keep the model moving and relaxed, this will get you better photos.

Communicate with the model.

If you are in a bad mood, do not let this show during the shot as it will effect everyone around you.

Always fine-tune your shot during the photo shoot, do not reply on post production. 

Before a shoot you should always do a test shoot to ensure the lighting, background are how you want them. 

Remember you can get some of the best photos catching quiet moments when the model isn't focusing on the camera and is completely relaxed. 

Seven Photographs That Changed Fashion

Youtube, Contesian, Seven photographs that changed fashion, Intro, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6o2qXQmwwE

Youtube, Contesian, Seven photographs that changes fashion Cecil beaton, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPhGvj5GBeI&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho

Youtube, Contesian, Seven photographs that changed fashion Erwin, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2gRuDqpacs&index=3&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho

Youtube, contesian, seven photographs that changed fashion David, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuoTMHBnrxw&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho&index=4

Youtube, Contesian, seven photographs that changed fashion richard, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj5O0sRXSlQ&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho&index=5

Youtube, contesian, seven photographs that changed fashion Helmut, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2iyIS7lfeY&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho&index=8

Youtube, Contesian, seven photographs that changed fashion Guy, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k30Wu2fwhEQ&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho&index=6

Youtube, contesian, seven photographs that changes fashion Herb, viewed 6th oct 2015, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYKrbEk0OkA&list=PLHF6caDEqgLhNK6L2SJevuNrqwM2j1Bho&index=7

Photographer Research

Cecil Beaton - 1904-1980
Beaton was best know for is work with Vogue and Vanity Fair in the 20's. He was renowned for his unique style of posing models and usual backgrounds. He went on to become an award winning costume designer for theatre. As a child Beaton loved the postcards of society ladies. When he received his first camera at 11 he got his sisters to pose for photos. Pursuing his interest in photography Beaton sent photos to editors and was eventually hired by Vanity Fair and Vogue. His first collection of work was published 'The Book of Beauty' in 1930. He photographed the wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor in 1937 and Queen Elizabeth in 1939. Beaton recorded the fighting in England, Africa and the Middle East during World War II where he captured a photo of a 3yr old air raid victim which has become one of his most well known pieces. In 1972 Beaton was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
Below are some of his images.

My Fair Lady, 1963

Oh What A Lovely War, 1940

Marilyn Monroe, Feb. 22, 1956

Twiggy, 1967

Erwin Blumenfeld - 1897-1969
Blumenfeld was best know for his work in the fashion industry between the 1940's and 50's. He got his first camera in 1908 and began taking photos and developing. In 1913 he started an apprenticeship with Sclochauer and Moses. In 1932 he opened his own store selling handbags in Amsterdam, 'Fox Leather Company'. In 1932 Blumenfeld found a dark room fully equipped and began photographing some of the store clients. In 1936 he moved to Paris where he was commissioned to make portraits of people in the art world such as Henri Matisse, during this time he also took images of photographers such as Cecil Beaton. Beaton liked his work and in 1937 got him a contract with Vogue France. In 1941 he moved to New York where he was hired by Harpers Bazaar, he worked with them for 3years before working as a freelancer for Vogue America. Over the next 15 years his work was on the cover and featured in many other magazines such as Look and Life. By 1950 Bulmenfeld was reported to be the highest paid photographer around the world.

Vogue cover, 1950

Below are some of his images.

Lisa Fossagrives, Eiffel Tower, 1939

Evelyn Tripp, 1956

Richard Avedon- 1923-2004
Avedon had an interest in photography from the age of 12. He joined the army during World War II as Photographers Mate identifying photographs. After 2years he left to work as a professional photographer creating fashion images and studying art. At 22 he began working as a freelance photographer for Harpar's Bazaar photographing models on the street, in nightclubs, at the circus, at the beach and many other locations. This inventive and resourcefulness became the mark of his work. Avedon was fascinated by the way photography could capture personality and evoke the life of his models, he thought poses, attitudes, hairstyles, clothing and accessories where all vital elements of an image. In 1965 he left Harpers Bazaar and joined Vogue where he worked for 20years. Avedon is credited for removing the line between 'art' and 'commercial photography'. 
Below are some of his images.

Dovima With Elephants, 1955

Carmen in Cardin, 1957

Harper's Bazaar, 1955

David Bailey - 1938 
In 1959 Bailey took an apprenticeship at the John French Studio where he became involved in fashion photography. In 1960 he began to photograph for British Vogue, he worked here for 15 years firstly as staff then as a freelancer. Baileys work is known for the stark backgrounds and the dramatic lighting effects, he transformed British fashion and celebrity photography from chic and reserved into something youthful and direct. In 1972 he began publishing the fashion magazine Ritz.
Below are some of his images.

Cara Delevigne - Vogue Australia

Jean Shrimpton, 1962

Jean Shrimpton, 1965

Helmut Newton -1920-2004
Newton revolutionised fashion photography, his bold, sensual, visually arresting portrayal of woman shot with huge technical detail put him way ahead of his times and his work is more appreciated today than in his lifetime. Newtons interest in photography began at the age of 12 after receiving his first camera. After serving in the Australian army for 5years during the war, Newton started a photography studio in Melbourne and worked on fashion photography. Over 15years he got a reputation for himself and his photos were featured in British Vogue in 1956, He then prepared to  move to London after they offered him a job. He decided against this and instead moved to Paris before shortly returning to Melbourne. In 1961he returned to Paris after landed a job with French Vogue gaining him international recognition and fame. He worked for many other magazines such as Harpers Bazaar, Queen, Marie Claire, Elle, Playboy and different editions of Vogue.
Below are some of his images.

Paris, 1976

Vogue France, 1975

Madonna 

1975

Guy Bourdin - 1928-1991

As a painter Bourdin was able to create images that contained fascinating compositions both in black and white and colour. He changed fashion photography by creating images that told stories, he used his images to send out his message exploring a world between the absurd and sublime using colour to the maximum with intense saturation and textures. Bourdin launched his career in the 1950's taking black and whites for Vogue Paris. By late 1970 he had captured the imagination of a whole generation. Bourdin's work influenced many other artists, photographers and filmmakers.

Below are some of his images.

Charles Jourdan, 1978

Vogue, 1969

Charles Jourdan, 1978

Herb Ritts - 1952-2002
Ritts began in photography career in the 70's whilst on a road trip, he photographs his friend Richard Gere, an aspiring actor. The photos were published in Vogue and Esquire launching both men's careers. In 1979 Ritts did his first fashion shoot for italian Bazaar, this opened the doors of the fashion world to him. Over the years he gained a reputation as a master of art and commercial photography. He took portraits and editorial fashion images for Vogue, Vanity Fair and Rolling Stone as well as creating advertisement campaigns for Calvin Klein, Chanel, Gianni Versace, Levi's, Pirelli, Ralph Lauren. Ritts work contains strong form and clean lines, this simplicity allowed his images to be read and felt instantly. It was common for his work to challenge conventional notions of gender and race. He also made a mark on the music industry directing videos for artists such as Michael Jackson.
Below are some of his images.

Cindy Crawford, 1994

Versace, 1990

Tyra Banks 

Madonna

George Hurrell - 1904-1992 
Burrell is best known for his hollywood glamour photography between the 1930's and 40's. As a boy Hurrell wanted to be an artist, it was at art school he was introduced to photography having to take images to reference whilst painting. In 1928 he took a photo for a friend, Florence Pancho, flying application, women were discouraged from flying at this time so she dressed up a man. Hurrell didnt like making his friend look so unkept for this photo and insisted on taking some other photos of her.  Pancho went on to become hollywoods first female stunt pilot. Panchos good friend Ramon Novarro a big movie star at MGM needed some publicity photos taken and Pancho insisted he used Hurrell. Navarro had many photos taken by Hurrell and in 1929 Hurrell was offered a job with MGM as a portrait photographer.

Norma Shearer 

Below are some of his images.

Charles Boyer, 1938

Dorothy Lamour 

Brooke Shields 

Patrick Demarchelier - 1943
Demarchelier is one of the worlds most coveted fashion photographers. He received his first camera ages 17 before moving to Paris aged 20 to work in a photography lab. Later he became an assistant to a photographer who shot film magazine covers before the assistant to Hans Feurer, Vogue photographer. During this time he worked with Grace Coddington through her time at British Vogue, this help launched his career. In 1975 after having gained a reputation as a respected fashion photographer in France Demarchelier moved to New York working as a freelancer. His work has since been featured in many magazine, he has done many covers for Vogue and shot campaigns for huge designers such as Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Chanel, Elizabeth Arden, Dior, Giorgio Armani and Louis Vuitton. In 1989 he was contracted as Princess Diana's personal photographer.
Below are some of his images.

Linda Evangelista, 1992

Vogue 

Cara Delevingne, Vogue China, 2013 

Mario Testino - 1954
Testino is one of the worlds most popular fashion and portrait photographers. His work has featured in international magazines such as Vogue, Vanity Fair and GQ. He has also created campaign images for designers such as Gucci, Burberry, Versace, Michael Kors, Chanel, Estee Lauder and Landcome. Eighteen exhibitions and over sixteen books of his work have been published. His work is know for bringing out the humanity in the subject. Some of Testino's best known work is his series of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1977, he was also the official portrait photographer for the engagement of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in 2010. In July 2015 he took the official photographs of the christening of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge.

Princess Diana, 1997

Below are some of his images.

Vogue Japan

Cara Delevingne, Allure 2014

Rankin - 1966 
Rankin is known for his compelling portraiture and distinctive style. He first made a name for himself in publishing in 1992, providing a platform form emerging stylists, designers, photographers and writers. Since he has created huge advertising campaigns for brands such as Nike, Dove and Pantene, he has also shot covers for huge magazines such as Elle, Harpers Bazaar, GQ, German Vogue and Rolling Stone. His work questions social normality and ideas of beauty, in lat 2000 he published the 'Heteroclite quarterly Rank' an experimental anti-fashion magazine celebrating the unconventional. In the 90's Rankin became known for his portraiture of bands, artists, supermodels and politicians. He recently work with makeup artist Alex Box creating her new book.
Below are some of his images.

Rosie Huntington Whitely 

Alex Box 

Ellen Von Unwerth - 1954
Ellen is photographer and director best known for specialising in femininity. She was discovered after she fist photographed Claudia Schiffer, since her work has been in magazines such as Vogue, Vanity Fair, Interview and The Face and she has published several books. She took promotional shots for Duran Duran from 1994-1997 and has shot many album covers such as 'Janet Jackson - The Velvet Rope, 1997' 'Britney Spears - Blackout, 2007' and 'Rihanna - Talk that Talk'.
Below are some of her images.

Guess, 2011

Guess, 2011

Camille Rowe, 2012